factors involved in Instrument separation

Giveb by Wolcott

(a) repeated cyclic metal fatigue

(b) severe bends or curves in the canal

(c) class II canal configuration, e.g., canals join at mid root

(d) torsional loading

(e) the role of the operator.

ref..joe..2006

factors involved in Instrument separation

Giveb by Wolcott

(a) repeated cyclic metal fatigue

(b) severe bends or curves in the canal

(c) class II canal configuration, e.g., canals join at mid root

(d) torsional loading

(e) the role of the operator.

ref..joe..2006